Ivermectin is primarily known as an antiparasitic medication used to treat infections caused by certain parasites, such as worms and lice. However, there has been growing interest in its potential therapeutic effects beyond its antiparasitic properties, including its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory actions.
1. Neuroprotective Effects:
  Anti-inflammatory properties: Ivermectin has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to its neuroprotective effects. Inflammation plays a significant role in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. By reducing inflammation in the brain, ivermectin may help protect neurons from damage and improve overall neurological function.
  Modulation of neurotransmitter release: Studies have suggested that ivermectin may modulate the release of neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. These neurotransmitters play crucial roles in neuronal communication and synaptic transmission. Modulating their release could potentially have neuroprotective effects by maintaining proper neuronal function and preventing excitotoxicity, a process implicated in neurodegenerative diseases.
  – Protection against neurodegeneration: Preclinical studies have demonstrated that ivermectin has protective effects against neurodegeneration induced by various factors, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and protein misfolding. These findings suggest that ivermectin may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
2. Anti-inflammatory Action:
  Inhibition of inflammatory mediators: Ivermectin has been shown to inhibit the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). These cytokines play critical roles in the inflammatory response and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. By inhibiting the production of these inflammatory mediators, ivermectin may help mitigate inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with inflammatory conditions.
  Modulation of immune responses: Ivermectin has been reported to modulate various aspects of the immune response, including the activation and function of immune cells such as macrophages and T cells. By regulating immune responses, ivermectin may help maintain immune homeostasis and prevent excessive inflammation.
  Attenuation of tissue damage: Chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage and dysfunction in various organs and systems. By reducing inflammation, ivermectin may help attenuate tissue damage and promote tissue repair and regeneration.
While the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of ivermectin are promising, further research, including clinical trials, is needed to fully elucidate its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential in neurological and inflammatory disorders. Additionally, it’s essential to consider the potential side effects and risks associated with ivermectin use, especially when considering its off-label use for conditions beyond parasitic infections
